Advancements in Antiperspirant Technology: A Comprehensive Review (KEY IJP************118)

• Bidkar Rohit Bharat

Abstract

Antiperspirants are products formulated to reduce sweat or perspiration on the skin, available in various forms such as creams, powders, sprays, towels, and roll-ons. Most non-prescription options contain low concentrations of aluminium salts like aluminium chloride, aluminium chlorohydrate, and aluminium zirconium. Aluminium zirconium is often preferred for its skin tolerance and lower likelihood of causing irritation or aggravating razor burn. For individuals with hyperhidrosis, prescription antiperspirants with higher concentrations of aluminium chloride or aluminium hexahydrate may be more effective. Recently, topical anticholinergic agents have been introduced to reduce sweat gland activity, while oral anticholinergic drugs may produce more side effects than topical options. Botulinum toxin and surgical interventions are considered for severe cases of hyperhidrosis.Excessive perspiration and body odors across various cultures can lead to negative perceptions of individuals and are often linked to inadequate hygiene practices. Personal care products have been developed to address these issues effectively. This paper aims to examine the primary active ingredients found in commercially available deodorants and antiperspirants, while also exploring emerging strategies and future directions for optimizing these products to combat malodor. PubMed and ScienceDirect databases were utilized to survey studies detailing the use of deodorants and antiperspirants, the compounds employed in their formulations, their mechanisms of action, associated controversies, as well as novel trends and approaches within the field. Despite ongoing advancements, traditional actives like triclosan and aluminum salts remain prevalent in deodorants due to their bactericidal and antiperspirant properties, despite lingering safety concerns surrounding their prolonged use. There's a growing global interest in sustainable lifestyles and natural products, prompting research into alternative sources like plant-derived ingredients and essential oils. Recent studies have shifted focus towards understanding armpit biochemistry, microbiota control, and exploring biotechnological solutions to disrupt the process of sweat decomposition.