Assessing the Conservation Status and Ecological Significance of Heritiera Mangroves in Bhitarkanika, Odisha: A Comprehensive Review (KEY IJP************334)

• Satyajit Mahatab,Uday Chand Basak

Abstract

Mangrove ecosystems play a critical role in maintaining coastal biodiversity, protecting shorelines, and mitigating climate change. Bhitarkanika, a Ramsar wetland site in Odisha, India, harbors a rich diversity of mangrove species, including Heritiera fomes and Heritiera littoralis, which are vital for ecosystem stability. However, increasing anthropogenic pressures such as deforestation, aquaculture expansion, and climate change pose significant threats to these species. This review synthesizes research on the ecological functions of Heritiera species, statistical data on their distribution and decline, and conservation measures undertaken to protect Bhitarkanikas mangrove ecosystems. By integrating insights from personal observations & previous research papers, this study highlights the urgent need for sustainable conservation strategies to safeguard these vital coastal forests.