The Human Microbiome: "Impact of the Gut Microbiome on Human Immunity and Metabolism" (KEY IJP************994)

• Kotte Lavanya

Abstract

The human microbiome is a vast and complex community consisting of trillions of tiny microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, archaea, viruses and other microbes, that live in and on the human body. Most of the microbes are found in different parts of the body including skin, mouth, lungs, reproductive organs and guts (also known as the intestines). Among these the gut microbes play a crucial role in regulating the human immune system and metabolism, influencing various processes such as immune response, nutrient absorption and especially digestion. Understanding the structure and the function of the microbiome is essential for developing new medical treatments, including microbiome-targeted therapies. This paper explores the impact of the gut microbiome on human immunity and metabolism and highlights its significance in maintaining overall health. This study explores the human microbiome and assesses the impact of the gut microbiome on human immunity and metabolism by analysing peer-reviewed journal research papers published in the last 10 years on microbiome, immune system and gut microbes. The results indicate that imbalances in gut microbiota (dysbiosis) are linked to various metabolic disorders such as obesity, diabetes, inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). These gut microbes influence the production of vitamins (e.g., vitamin A, D, E) and neurotransmitters (e.g., serotonin, dopamine and acetylcholine).